Shaqo la,aantu waamid ka mida caqabadaha caalamiga ah ee haysta bulsho badan oo caalamka ku nool iyadoo ay ku kala badan tahay wadamada caalamka xadiga shaqo la,aaned ee ka jiirta wadamadaas, hadaba xalinta dhibaatadan aan xuduuda lahyn ee saamaysa dhamaan bulshooyinka caalamka waxay dhaqaalayahanada caalamiga ahi ka sameyeen baadhitaano iyagoo oganaya noocyada shaqo la,aaned ee jirta, sababaha keena, yaa loo aqoonsanaya inuu yahay qof shaqo wayay iyo ugu dambayntii muxuu yahay xalka shaqo la,aanta lagaga bixi karaa
Maxay ka yidhaahdeen dhaqaalayahanada caalamiga ah shaqo l,aanta?
Yaa loo aqoonsan yahay shaqo la,aan inay hayso? shaqo la,aan waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay qaybta bulshada ka mida ee aan hayn wax shaqo ah kuwaas oo awooda aqoon ahaan,jidh ahaan iyo maskax ahaanba isla mar ahaanatana raadinayay shaqo si joogto ah ugu dambeyey wayayna shaqo
Okun’s Law: Economic Growth and Unemployment
Arthur Okun ayaa wuxuu sanadii 1962 soo saray aragti dhaqaalaha ah oo kaas uu ku cadeyey nidaam cilmiyaysan oo leh cadaymo (empirical evidenc) isagoo yidhi marka uu 1% korodho heerka shaqo la,aantu (unemployment rate) waxaa hoos u dhaca 2% kamida ku yimada wax soosarka guud ee dalka natural gross domestic product”), hadii aaan sii yara sharaxno wuxuu dhaqaalayahankaasi cadeyey in boqolkiiba inta uu hoos u dhacayo waxsoosarka guud ee dalka marka heerka shaqo la,aantu dhaafto halka ugu hoosaysa ee loo asteyey loona yaqaano (natural rate of unemployment).
Keynesian Theory of Employment
Keynesian Theory of Employmen waxay leedahay isugaynta kharashaaka la isticmalaya waxaa uu la mid yahay korodhka ku yimaada dakhliga guud ee dalka (The total expenditure is equal to the national income) taas oo u dhiganata wax soo saarka guud ee dalka national output.
Hadayanu sharaxno si loo fahmo aragtidan dhaqaalayahanka Keynes wuxuu qabaa marka bulshadu ay shaqeeyaan dakhlina soo galo waxaa kor u kacda awoododa wax iibsi ee khatashka ay galayaana wuu bataa, sidoo kale dhaqaalaha guud isna wuu kordhaa maxaa yelay waxaa kordhay wax soo saarkii guud ee dalka alaabta iyo adeega (Goods and Service) madama dalabki dadku oo ku xidhan awoododa dakhli kor u kacday.
Dhaqalaayahanada caalamiga ahi waxay isku waafaqsan yihiin inay jiraan ugu yaraan 4 nooc oo caalamiya ayaa jira oo loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin noocyada shaqo la,aanta bal aan soo qadano:
Frictional unemployment: waa marka shaqaaluhu ay shaqo ka tagaan,shaqo kalena raadinayan intaa u dhaxaysa ayaa layidhaa
Structural unemployment: waa shaqo la,aanta ay sababto aqoontii iyo xirfadii dadka oo laga guuro loona guuro nidaam cusub sida nidamka casriga ah ee technologyga kaas oo ay la jaan qadi wayaan dadkii ku shaqaynayay nidaamka aan technologyga ahyn
Cyclical Unemployment.: shaqo la,aanta ay sababto hoos u dhac dhaqaalaha oo dalka ka dhaca taas oo sababta in in la dhimo shaqaale badan shaqalantuna badato
Seasonal unemployment: waa shaqo la,aanta ay sababto isbadalka ku yimaada xiliga kuwaas oo ay kenaan isbadalada dabeeciga ah iyo kuwa aan dabeeciga ahayn .
Hadaan ku soo noqono dalkeena Somaliland kuna dabaqno maqaalkenan, dalka Somaliland waxaa uu ka mid yahay dalalka ay hadhaysay dhibaatada shaqo la,aanta oo taas oo aan la garanaynba halbeeg lagu cabiro inta ay marayso heerka shaqo la,aantu, shaqaalaha Somaliland oo loo qaybiyo laba qaybood oo kala ah shaqaalaha rayidka ah iyo shaqaalaha dawliga ah.
Sidee buu cilmiga dhaqaaluhu u xaliyaa shaqo la,aanta bulsho haleesha
1) Dawalada oo abuuurta mashaariic horumarineed oo waawayn kuwaas oo lagu darayo misaniyad sanadeedka qaranka halkaas oo shaqaale badan shaqo ka helayaan sida biyo xidheeno la dhiso, wadooyin la dhiso, cisbitaalo iwm
2) Dawlada oo dhiiri galisa dadka keena fikradaha cusub ee horumarin kara dalka kuwaas oo ka qayb qata horumarka dalka shaqo abuuris badana keeni kara (Entrepreneurship)
3) Dawlada oo ku dhiiri galisa ganacsada waawayn inay maalgashadan dalka iyadoo loo fududaynayo nidaamka sharci ee maalgashiga, sidoo kalena sanadaha hore cashuurta laga yaraynayo ta badalkeedana laga rabo in shirkad waliba shaqalaysiisi xadi shaqaale ah
4) Dawlada oo iyada laftigeeda maalgashi ku samaysa shirkado ay iyadu ledahay sida kor u qaadida goobaha dalxiiska ee dalka, iyo maalgashiga goobaha mihiimka ee wax soosaarka dalka ka qayb qadan kara sida kallunka badeena,beerida seerayasha dalka iyo warashado
5) Haayadaha caalamiga ah ee inala shaqeeya oo dawladu ku qasabto inay kor u qaadan mashaariicda lagu dhisaayo xirfada shaqalaha iyo in la furo goobo badan oo saoo sara farsamada gacanta taas oo yarayn doonta xadiga shaqo la,aaned e dalka ka jirta
6) Dawlada oo fududysa nidaamka ganacsi ee inaga dhexeya wadamada iyagu inoo keena alaabtooda sida dawladaha jaarka kuwaas oo sanad walba aan ka iibsano malaayiin dollar oo alaaba, taa badalkeedana aan inagu u dhoofinao alaab si kor ugu qaadno horumarkeena dhaqaale sidoo kalena waxa kordhaya xadiga shaqaalaysinta ee dalkeena madama aan u bahanahay inaan unagu wax soo saar yelano
W/Q: Mukhtaar Cabdi Cilmi ( Xoogsade)
(MBA) Accounting and Finance, Mount Kenya University
mukhtarian.net@gmail.com